Ukraine sends units into Russia
Ukrainian troops launched a surprise attack across the border in early August, advancing up to 18 miles (30km) into the Russian region of Kursk.
After two weeks, Ukraine’s top commander claimed to control more than 1,200 sq km of Russian territory and 93 villages. The regions of Kursk and Belgorod have both declared a state of emergency.
The counter-offensive has two main objectives. Firstly, Ukraine aims to force Russia to redeploy its units from eastern Ukraine, easing the pressure on Ukrainian defenses that have been under intense strain ¹ ². By doing so, Ukraine can regain control and create a more stable situation in the region.
Secondly, Ukraine seeks to strengthen its position at the negotiating table, improving its chances of securing a favorable peace settlement ¹ ². This proactive approach demonstrates Ukraine’s determination to take the initiative and shape the outcome of the conflict.
To make the text more engaging and active, consider rephrasing the original statement:
“Ukraine launches a counter-offensive to drive Russia’s units out of eastern Ukraine, relieving pressure on its defenses and paving the way for a better peace settlement.”
This revised version maintains the same message but uses more dynamic language to convey Ukraine’s strategic goals.
Russian incursion north of Kharkiv
At the beginning of May 2024, Russian forces crossed the international border to the north of Ukraine’s second-biggest city, Kharkiv. Several villages were seized and thousands of civilians fled.
Russia’s main offensive has long focused on the eastern Donetsk region, but this was one of the most significant ground assaults since the start of the war and further stretched Ukraine’s front-line defences.
The Russian push took place at the end of a four-month period when the US was not supplying weapons to Ukraine, due to a stalemate in the US Congress.
The issue was finally resolved at the end of April, when the US passed a $61bn aid package to provide missiles, artillery and air-defence systems to the Ukrainian military.
Ukrainian forces eventually held firm and even though the city of Kharkiv has come under repeated attack from glide bombs fired by Russian warplanes, it remains beyond the range of Russian artillery.
Russia grinds forward in the east
The incursion north of Kharkiv was some distance from the main front line in the east where Russia has continued its offensive operations and been edging forwards since October 2023.
Eastern Ukraine has been contested territory since 2014, when Russian-backed fighters seized large swathes of the eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions.
Russia’s biggest advantage is manpower and it has shown a willingness to throw soldiers at Ukrainian positions to gain a few metres at a time.
In recent days, Russian troops have made some significant gains to the north-west of Donetsk and claim to have captured the small town of Niu-York.
In response, Ukraine has ordered the evacuation of the city of Pokrovsk, with a local military official telling residents that Russian forces were “rapidly approaching”.
The Russian advance towards Pokrovsk is the most notable change in control of the front line near Donetsk for several months.
The last major change came when Ukraine withdrew its troops from Avdiivka, just north of Donetsk, back in February after months of fighting.
To the north, areas around Bakhmut have remained a flashpoint and have endured some of the heaviest fighting of the war.
Two and a half years of fighting
Russia’s invasion began with dozens of missile strikes on cities all over Ukraine before dawn on 24 February 2022.
Russian ground troops moved in quickly and within a few weeks were in control of large areas of Ukraine and had advanced to the suburbs of Kyiv.
Russian forces were bombarding Kharkiv, and they had taken territory in the east and south as far as Kherson, and surrounded the port city of Mariupol.
But they hit very strong Ukrainian resistance almost everywhere and faced serious logistical problems with poorly motivated Russian troops suffering shortages of food, water and ammunition.
Ukrainian forces were also quick to deploy Western supplied arms such as the Nlaw anti-tank system, which proved highly effective against the Russian advance.
By October 2022, the picture had changed dramatically and having failed to take Kyiv, Russia withdrew completely from the north. The following month, Ukrainian forces recaptured the southern city of Kherson.
Since then, the battle has mostly been in the east of Ukraine with Russian forces slowly gaining ground over many months, while losing at least 50,000 troops – and probably many more.
By Dominic Bailey, Mike Hills, Paul Sargeant, Chris Clayton, Kady Wardell, Mark Bryson, Sana Dionysiou, Gerry Fletcher, Kate Gaynor and Erwan Rivault
About these maps
To indicate which parts of Ukraine are under control by Russian troops we are using daily assessments published by the Institute for the Study of War with the American Enterprise Institute’s Critical Threats Project.
